Project Sunshine, launched in 1953 by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), aimed to track the global spread and human absorption of radioactive strontium-90, a dangerous byproduct of atmospheric nuclear tests that mimics calcium and builds up in bones, especially in children. What started as a follow-up to Project Gabriel (an earlier investigation into the impact of nuclear fallout) quickly became a worldwide operation to gather human tissue samples for analysis.
Researchers prioritized bones from the recently deceased, particularly stillborns and young kids, because growing bones accumulate Sr-90 fastest, offering the best data on fallout risks. These were often collected without the knowledge and permission of the families.
The dark side: consent was rarely sought. A network of contacts, including doctors, pathologists, and funeral directors, harvested samples covertly, often lying about the purpose. In one chilling 1955 meeting, AEC commissioner Willard Libby lamented shortages of child samples and quipped that anyone skilled at "body snatching" would "really be serving their country."
Over 1,500 bodies were sampled globally, with limbs or bones removed post-mortem. Families were typically kept in the dark, sometimes prevented from dressing stillborn babies for funerals to hide the missing parts. Countries like the UK, Australia, Canada, and others shipped samples to U.S. labs.
The project stayed secret until leaks in the late 1950s, but full details emerged in the 1990s through declassified documents and President Clinton's Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments. Findings showed Sr-90 had entered the food chain but wasn't immediately catastrophic. Yet it fueled public fear, contributed to the 1963 Partial Test Ban Treaty ending atmospheric tests, and sparked ethical outrage over government deception.
What began as a Cold War necessity exposed the grim lengths officials went to for data, treating grieving families as collateral in the nuclear arms race. No prosecutions followed, but it highlighted how secrecy eroded trust and ethics in science.
For Further Reading
- Gary Covella – Body Snatching: The Shocking Untold True Story of Project Sunshine (2024) – Recent deep dive into the declassified memos and global harvesting. (Amazon link)
- Eileen Welsome – The Plutonium Files: America's Secret Medical Experiments in the Cold War (1999) – Covers Project Sunshine alongside broader radiation experiments. (Amazon link)
- Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments – Final Report (1995) – Official U.S. government document with declassified details on Sunshine and ethics failures. (Amazon link)







